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Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic - Determination of hardness - Part 6: Apparent hardness of rubber-covered rollers by IRHD method (ISO 48-6:2018, IDT)
MS ISO 48-6:2020
Status : Original
Format : PDF

This document specifies a method for the determination of the apparent hardness, expressed in
International Rubber Hardness Degrees (IRHD), of vulcanized- or thermoplastic-rubber roller covers.< ....Read more br /> The method is similar in principle to the methods used for the determination of the hardness of rubber
in ISO 48-2 in that it consists essentially of measuring the depth of penetration of a spherical indentor
operating under a specified force. The apparatus used is similar to that described in ISO 48-2, having a
base specifically designed for application to roller covers and similar curved surfaces.
NOTE With some rollers, there can be significant variation in the thickness of the rubber over the surface of
the roller, which could affect the measured apparent hardness. Close

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Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic - Determination of hardness - Part 5: Indentation hardness by IRHD pocket meter method (ISO 48-5:2018, IDT)
MS ISO 48-5:2020
Status : Original
Format : PDF

This document specifies a method for determining the indentation hardness of vulcanized or
thermoplastic rubber by means of a pocket hardness meter calibrated in IRHD. The use of such meters is< ....Read more br /> primarily intended for control, not specification, purposes (for specification, see ISO 48-2). It is possible
to increase precision by fixing the pocket hardness meter on a support. Close

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Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic - Determination of hardness - Part 4: Indentation hardness by durometer method (Shore hardness) (ISO 48-4:2018, IDT)
MS ISO 48-4:2020
Status : Original
Format : PDF

This document specifies a method for determining the indentation hardness (Shore hardness) of
vulcanized or thermoplastic rubber using durometers with the following scales:
— the A scale ....Read more for rubbers in the normal-hardness range;
— the D scale for rubbers in the high-hardness range;
— the AO scale for rubbers in the low-hardness range and for cellular rubbers;
— the AM scale for thin rubber test pieces in the normal-hardness range. Close

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Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic - Determination of hardness - Part 3: Dead-load hardness using the very low rubber hardness (VLRH) scale (ISO 48-3:2018, IDT)
MS ISO 48-3:2020
Status : Original
Format : PDF

This document specifies a dead-load method for the determination of the hardness of very soft
vulcanized or thermoplastic rubbers using the very low rubber hardness (VLRH) scale.
The relat ....Read more ion between the depth of penetration and the VLRH scale is linear. Close

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Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic - Determination of hardness - Part 2: Hardness between 10 IRHD and 100 IRHD (ISO 48-2:2018, IDT)
MS ISO 48-2:2020
Status : Original
Format : PDF

This document specifies four methods for the determination of the hardness of vulcanized or
thermoplastic rubbers on flat surfaces (standard-hardness methods) and four methods for the
dete ....Read more rmination of the apparent hardness of curved surfaces (apparent-hardness methods). The hardness
is expressed in international rubber hardness degrees (IRHD). The methods cover the hardness range
from 10 IRHD to 100 IRHD.
These methods differ primarily in the diameter of the indenting ball and the magnitude of the indenting
force, these being chosen to suit the particular application. The range of applicability of each method is
indicated in Figure 1.
This document does not specify a method for the determination of hardness by a pocket hardness
meter, which is described in ISO 48-5.
This document specifies the following four methods for the determination of standard hardness.
— Method N (normal test) is appropriate for rubbers with a hardness in the range 35 IRHD to 85 IRHD,
but can also be used for hardnesses in the range 30 IRHD to 95 IRHD.
— Method H (high-hardness test) is appropriate for rubbers with a hardness in the range 85 IRHD to
100 IRHD.
— Method L (low-hardness test) is appropriate for rubbers with a hardness in the range 10 IRHD to
35 IRHD.
— Method M (microtest) is essentially a scaled-down version of the normal test method N, permitting
the testing of thinner and smaller test pieces. It is appropriate for rubbers with a hardness in the
range 35 IRHD to 85 IRHD, but can also be used for hardnesses in the range 30 IRHD to 95 IRHD.
NOTE 1 The value of the hardness obtained by method N within the ranges 85 IRHD to 95 IRHD and 30 IRHD to
35 IRHD might not agree precisely with that obtained using method H or method L, respectively. The difference
is not normally significant for technical purposes.
NOTE 2 Because of various surface effects in the rubber and the possibility of slight surface roughness
(produced, for example, by buffing), the microtest might not always give results agreeing with those obtained by
the normal test. Close

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Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic - Determination of hardness - Part 1: Introduction and guidance (ISO 48-1:2018, IDT)
MS ISO 48-1:2020
Status : Original
Format : PDF

This document provides guidance on the determination of the hardness of vulcanized and thermoplastic
rubbers.
It is intended to provide an understanding of the significance of hardness as ....Read more a material property and to
assist in the selection of an appropriate test method. Close

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Rubber - Measurement of vulcanization characteristics using curemeters - Part 3: Rotorless curemeter (ISO 6502-3:2018, IDT)
MS ISO 6502-3:2020
Status : Original
Format : PDF

This document specifies a method for determining selected vulcanization characteristics of a rubber
compound by means of a rotorless curemeter. The introduction to the use of curemeters is given ....Read more in
ISO 6502-1. Close

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Rubber - Measurement of vulcanization characteristics using curemeters - Part 2: Oscillating disc curemeter (ISO 6502-2:2018, IDT)
MS ISO 6502-2:2020
Status : Original
Format : PDF

This document specifies a method for determining selected vulcanization characteristics of a rubber
compound by means of an oscillating disc curemeter. The introduction to the use of curemeters ....Read more is
described in ISO 6502-1. Close

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Rubber - Measurement of vulcanization characteristics using curemeters - Part 1: Introduction (ISO 6502-1:2018, IDT)
MS ISO 6502-1:2020
Status : Original
Format : PDF

This document provides an introduction to the determination of vulcanization characteristics of rubber
compounds by means of curemeters.

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Rubber - Determination of ash - Part 1: Combustion method (ISO 247-1:2018, IDT)
MS ISO 247-1:2020
Status : Original
Format : PDF

This document specifies three methods for the determination of ash from raw rubbers, compounded
rubbers and vulcanizates. The methods are applicable to raw, compounded or vulcanized rubbers of....Read more r /> the M, N, O, R and U families described in ISO 1629, except that:
— Method A is not used for the determination of ash from compounded or vulcanized rubbers
containing chlorine, bromine or iodine;
— Method B is used for compounded or vulcanized rubbers containing chlorine, bromine or iodine. It
shall not be used for uncompounded rubbers;
— Method C is intended to be used for the determination of ash from raw, compounded or vulcanized
rubber not containing chlorine, bromine or iodine by wrapping the test portion in ashless filter paper;
— Lithium and fluorine compounds might react with silica crucibles to form volatile compounds,
giving low ash results. Platinum crucibles shall therefore be used for ashing fluorine-containing
and lithium-polymerized rubbers.
This document does not cover the interpretation of the ash results as to the inorganic chemical content
of a compound or vulcanizate. This is the responsibility of the analyst, who has to be aware of the
behaviour of rubber additives at elevated temperatures. Close

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